Argentina spans a remarkable variety of landscapes, extending from the southern tip of Patagonia to subtropical forests in the north. With its mountains, ice fields, salt flats and jungle, it is a country shaped by dramatic geographical contrasts.
Many tours to Argentina follow well-established routes through some of the most visually striking areas, from glacial parks in the south to vast river systems in the northeast.
Los Glaciares National Park
In southern Patagonia, Los Glaciares National Park contains some of the largest ice masses found outside polar regions. The Perito Moreno Glacier stands out for its accessibility and scale, rising up to 70 metres above the surface of Lake Argentino. Its ice frequently breaks off and crashes into the water below.
To the north, the granite peaks of Mount Fitz Roy tower above glacial lakes and windswept plains. The mountain is a prominent feature of the southern Andes and a popular goal for experienced climbers.
Iguazú Falls
In the northeast, Iguazú Falls spans the border between Argentina and Brazil. The falls stretch for almost 3 kilometres, consisting of hundreds of separate cascades. At the heart of the system is the Devil’s Throat, where a narrow gorge funnels a massive volume of water into a horseshoe-shaped drop.
Surrounding the falls is a subtropical forest within Iguazú National Park, home to toucans, coatis, and a wide range of plant species. Elevated walkways provide access to the upper and lower sections of the falls from the Argentine side.
Northwest Argentina
The northwestern provinces of Salta and Jujuy are shaped by plateaus, rock formations and high-altitude valleys. One of the best-known features is the Hill of Seven Colours near the village of Purmamarca. The hill’s sedimentary layers form vibrant bands of red, green, yellow and violet, shaped by mineral content and erosion.
Another geological site in the region is the Salinas Grandes, a large salt flat located more than 3,000 metres above sea level. Its cracked white surface and open horizon create striking visual contrasts, especially on clear days.
The terrain here shares similarities with the Atacama Desert across the border in Chile, though the colours and formations are distinct to this part of Argentina.
The Lake District
In northern Patagonia, the Lake District is defined by glacial lakes, forested slopes and ancient volcanic peaks. The town of Bariloche sits on the shore of Lake Nahuel Huapi and serves as a base for exploring the wider region.
The area includes several protected zones, including Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina’s first national park. Hiking trails, boat crossings and scenic drives connect the surrounding lakes and valleys. The region is known for its changing seasons, with snow in winter and deep colours in autumn.
Valdés Peninsula and the Atlantic Coast
Along the Atlantic coast, the Valdés Peninsula is recognised for its marine wildlife and open coastal landscape. It is an important breeding ground for southern right whales and supports populations of elephant seals, sea lions and penguins.
The peninsula’s position and sheltered bays make it a key site for wildlife observation between June and December. Inland, the flat steppe transitions toward arid plains typical of eastern Patagonia.
Overview
Argentina’s terrain reflects the country’s size and geological complexity. From ice fields to tropical rivers, and from high plateaus to ocean cliffs, the range of natural features is extensive and varied.
For more on Argentina’s environments, geological regions and protected areas, visit our Argentina page, where you can explore detailed guides to the country’s most significant natural sites.
